Securing a full-ride scholarship represents a life-changing opportunity for ambitious students pursuing higher education. The most prestigious colleges in America offer exceptional merit-based financial aid programs that can cover your entire educational journey – from tuition and housing to books and living expenses.
Top institutions like Duke University, Vanderbilt, and the University of North Carolina stand out for their comprehensive scholarship packages. These colleges actively seek talented students through competitive merit-based programs that go beyond just covering costs. Many scholarships include additional benefits such as:
- Research funding opportunities
- Study abroad experiences
- Leadership development programs
- Mentorship from industry leaders
- Summer internship stipends
The landscape of merit scholarships varies significantly across institutions. While some colleges focus on academic excellence, others value leadership potential, community service, or specific talents. Your dream of attending a top-tier university without financial burden is achievable – you just need to know where to look and how to position yourself as an ideal candidate.
In this guide, you’ll discover the best colleges for merit scholarships and full-ride opportunities. We’ll walk you through the most generous scholarship programs at leading institutions and share insider tips to help you stand out in the competitive application process. Whether you’re a high-achieving student or a passionate leader, there’s a scholarship program waiting for someone just like you. To increase your chances of winning these scholarships, consider following some scholarship application tips which can help you stand out, stay organized, and craft compelling essays for financial aid success.
Understanding Full-Ride Scholarships
Full-ride scholarships are the most comprehensive financial aid packages available to college students. These coveted awards go beyond basic tuition coverage to include:
- Room and board
- Textbooks and supplies
- Transportation costs
- Student fees
- Living expenses
Full-Ride vs. Full-Tuition Scholarships
A key distinction exists between full-ride and full-tuition scholarships. While full-tuition awards cover only the cost of classes, full-ride scholarships eliminate virtually all college-related expenses.
The Rarity of Full-Ride Scholarships
The competitive nature of these scholarships reflects their value. Research shows that only 1-1.5% of undergraduate students receive enough funding to cover their complete cost of attendance. This translates to roughly 20,000 students nationwide securing full-ride scholarships each year.
How Schools Offer Full-Ride Scholarships
Many schools offer institution-specific full-ride programs through:
- Merit-based awards: Recognizing academic excellence
- Athletic scholarships: Supporting talented student-athletes
- Diversity initiatives: Supporting underrepresented groups
- Leadership programs: Identifying future community leaders
The Average Value of Full-Ride Scholarships
The average full-ride scholarship value ranges from $35,000 to $70,000 per year, depending on the institution. Private universities typically offer higher-value packages compared to public institutions.
The Competition for Full-Ride Scholarships
Competition for these scholarships remains fierce. Top programs like the Robertson Scholars Leadership Program at Duke University receive thousands of applications for just 15-20 spots annually.
Requirements for Most Full-Ride Scholarship Programs
Most full-ride scholarship programs require:
- Minimum GPA of 3.8 or higher
- Top 5-10% class ranking
- Exceptional standardized test scores
- Demonstrated leadership experience
- Strong community involvement
Starting Your Research Early
Students pursuing full-ride opportunities should start their research early, as many programs have application deadlines up to a year before college enrollment. Creating a strategic application timeline proves essential for maximizing scholarship opportunities.
Wondering how many scholarships you can apply for in one semester? It’s crucial to maximize your chances, manage applications, and secure financial aid effectively during this process.
Criteria for Full-Ride Scholarship Selection
To secure a full-ride scholarship, you need to meet specific eligibility requirements. Your academic performance is the most important factor in scholarship selection and will be the first thing evaluated.
Academic Performance Requirements
GPA Standards
- Minimum GPA of 3.8 or higher
- Consistent academic excellence across all subjects
- Advanced coursework performance (AP, IB, Honors)
- Class rank within top 5-10% of graduating class
Standardized Test Scores
- SAT scores typically above 1400
- ACT composite scores of 30+
- Subject test achievements (if applicable)
Academic Rigor
- Challenging course selection
- Participation in academic competitions
- Research projects or independent studies
- Academic awards and recognition
Your transcript tells a story beyond just numbers. Scholarship committees look for:
- Upward Grade Trends: Demonstrating continuous improvement
- Subject Mastery: Excellence in your intended field of study
- Academic Initiative: Self-directed learning and intellectual curiosity
- Course Load Management: Success in handling multiple advanced classes
Impact of Academic Performance
Your academic achievements have a significant impact on your scholarship application:
Direct Benefits
- Automatic consideration for merit-based programs
- Higher ranking in competitive scholarship pools
- Access to exclusive academic honor scholarships
- Multiple scholarship eligibility opportunities
Indirect Advantages
- Stronger letters of recommendation from teachers
- Enhanced credibility in scholarship interviews
- Better positioning for departmental awards
- Increased chances for specialized academic programs
Maintaining Academic Excellence
Scholarship recipients must sustain their academic performance through:
- Regular progress monitoring
- Meeting minimum GPA requirements (typically 3.5+)
- Fulfilling credit hour requirements per semester
- Maintaining good academic standing
Best Practices for Academic Success
- Create structured study schedules
- Form study groups with high-achieving peers
- Utilize professor office hours
- Seek academic support services when needed
- Document academic achievements and milestones
Your academic record is crucial for scholarship consideration, but it works alongside other selection criteria to shape your overall candidate profile.
Extracurricular Activities
Scholarship committees look beyond academic achievements to identify well-rounded candidates who demonstrate leadership, initiative, and community impact. Your extracurricular activities paint a vivid picture of your interests, dedication, and potential contributions to campus life.
Strong extracurricular profiles often include:
- Leadership Positions: Serving as club president, team captain, or student government representative
- Community Service: Regular volunteer work at local organizations, initiating service projects
- Sports Participation: Varsity athletics, intramural teams, or personal fitness achievements
- Creative Pursuits: Art exhibitions, music performances, theater productions
- Academic Clubs: Science olympiad, debate team, math competitions
- Entrepreneurial Ventures: Starting a small business, developing innovative projects
- Research Experience: Lab work, independent studies, academic publications
Quality matters more than quantity in extracurricular involvement. Scholarship committees value sustained commitment and meaningful impact in a few key areas rather than superficial participation across many activities.
Your extracurricular activities should reflect genuine passion and demonstrate tangible results. Document specific achievements, such as:
- Raising $5,000 for a local charity
- Growing club membership by 50%
- Implementing new programs that benefit your school or community
- Earning regional or national recognition in competitions
- Creating opportunities for other students to get involved
These concrete examples help scholarship committees understand your leadership potential and commitment to making a difference.
Recommendations and Interviews
Strong letters of recommendation create a compelling narrative about your potential as a scholarship candidate. Select recommenders who can speak to your:
- Academic achievements
- Leadership capabilities
- Personal growth
- Problem-solving skills
- Community involvement
Choosing Your Recommenders:
- Teachers who’ve witnessed your classroom performance
- Coaches who’ve observed your teamwork abilities
- Community leaders familiar with your volunteer work
- Employers who can attest to your work ethic
The scholarship interview process requires thorough preparation. Common interview questions include:
- “What makes you stand out from other candidates?”
- “How will you contribute to our university community?”
- “Describe a challenge you’ve overcome”
- “What are your academic and career goals?”
- Research the scholarship program’s values and mission
- Practice with mock interviews
- Prepare specific examples demonstrating your achievements
- Develop questions that show your interest in the program
- Dress professionally and arrive early
Your interview responses should align with your application materials while adding depth to your story. Share personal anecdotes that demonstrate your passion for your field of study and your commitment to academic excellence.
Top Colleges Offering Full-Ride Scholarships
There are many prestigious colleges in the United States that offer merit-based scholarships. These scholarships are a way for these colleges to show their commitment to academic excellence by providing financial support to deserving students.
1. Duke University – Robertson Scholars Leadership Program
Duke University is consistently ranked among the top 10 universities in the country. The university has a special program called the Robertson Scholars Leadership Program that aims to nurture exceptional talent.
The Robertson Scholars Leadership Program offers:
- Full tuition coverage for four years of undergraduate study
- Complete room and board expenses
- Comprehensive health insurance
- Laptop stipend
- Three summer experiences with funding up to $8,000 per experience
- Access to unique leadership development opportunities
- Mentorship from industry leaders and faculty
The application process for the Robertson Scholars Leadership Program involves:
- Early application deadline – typically in November
- Separate scholarship application submission
- Multiple rounds of evaluation
- Final interview weekend for selected candidates
Selection criteria focus on:
- Academic excellence with competitive SAT/ACT scores
- Demonstrated leadership potential
- Community engagement
- Purpose-driven mindset
- Innovation and creativity
The program accepts approximately 36 scholars annually from both Duke University and UNC-Chapel Hill. Successful candidates display exceptional academic achievements paired with a proven track record of leadership initiatives.
Robertson Scholars gain access to resources at both Duke and UNC-Chapel Hill through a unique collaborative arrangement. This dual-campus experience enriches their academic journey with diverse perspectives and expanded networking opportunities.
The program emphasizes practical leadership development through:
- Summer enrichment programs
- International experiences
- Social impact initiatives
- Professional development workshops
- Networking events with alumni and industry leaders
Prospective scholars should start preparing their applications early, focusing on building a strong portfolio of academic achievements and leadership experiences. The program seeks students who demonstrate potential to create meaningful change in their communities.
In addition to the Robertson Scholars Leadership Program, other institutions also provide robust scholarship programs aimed at fostering academic excellence and leadership skills. For instance, East Carolina University’s Honors College offers an array of scholarships designed to support high-achieving students in their pursuit of higher education.
2. University of North Carolina – Morehead-Cain Scholarship
The University of North Carolina’s Morehead-Cain Scholarship is the first merit scholarship program established in the United States. This prestigious award attracts exceptional students who demonstrate outstanding leadership, academic excellence, and a commitment to public service.
What Does the Scholarship Cover?
The scholarship package includes:
- Full tuition and student fees
- Housing and meals
- Books and laptop
- Discovery Fund for research and personal development
- Four summer enrichment programs
How Are Scholars Selected?
Selection criteria focus on four key areas:
- Leadership – Track record of initiative and impact
- Character – Integrity and moral force of character
- Academic Achievement – Exceptional performance and intellectual curiosity
- Physical Vigor – Dedication to fitness and athletic pursuits
The program accepts nominations from eligible secondary schools and provides a direct application option for students from non-nominating schools. Each year, approximately 70 new scholars join the Morehead-Cain community from a competitive pool of global applicants.
What Makes Morehead-Cain Unique?
The summer enrichment programs set the Morehead-Cain apart from other merit scholarships:
- Outdoor Leadership – A wilderness expedition focusing on personal growth
- Public Service – Engagement in community development projects
- Private Enterprise – Real-world business experience through internships
- Global Research – Independent research opportunities worldwide
Benefits Beyond Financial Support
Beyond financial support, scholars gain access to a powerful network of alumni mentors, exclusive leadership development workshops, and personalized career guidance. The program’s emphasis on experiential learning creates well-rounded leaders prepared for impactful careers across various sectors.
3. Vanderbilt University – Ingram Scholarship Program
Vanderbilt University’s Ingram Scholarship Program is a great opportunity for students who want to combine academic excellence with making a difference in society. This prestigious program offers full-tuition scholarships and summer stipends to outstanding students who are dedicated to becoming leaders in business and their communities.
Key Features of the Ingram Scholarship Program
The program has several unique features that set it apart:
- Full tuition coverage for four years of undergraduate study
- Summer stipends ranging from $5,000 to $10,000 for service projects
- Mentorship opportunities with community leaders in Nashville
- Dedicated faculty support for developing social impact initiatives
- Annual project funding for community service ventures
Community Engagement and Project Examples
Ingram Scholars are required to complete 20 hours of community service each month during the academic year. The program places a strong emphasis on gaining practical experience in tackling real-world problems through innovative solutions.
Previous scholars have initiated various projects such as:
- Educational programs for underserved communities
- Healthcare accessibility initiatives
- Environmental sustainability efforts
- Youth mentorship programs
- Technology literacy initiatives for senior citizens
Selection Criteria and Alumni Network
The selection process focuses on identifying students who exhibit:
- Academic excellence
- Potential for leadership
- Dedication to community service
- Creativity in solving problems
- Clear vision for creating social impact
Each year, the Ingram Scholarship Program selects around 10 new scholars from a highly competitive pool of applicants. To maintain their scholarship status, students must uphold a minimum GPA of 3.0 and actively engage in program activities.
The program’s alumni network consists of social entrepreneurs, nonprofit leaders, and business innovators who continue to bring about positive change in their communities. These connections offer valuable networking opportunities for current scholars as they pursue their own initiatives aimed at making an impact.
4. University of Chicago – Stamps Scholarship
The University of Chicago’s Stamps Scholarship stands out as one of the most comprehensive merit-based awards in the country. This prestigious program covers full tuition, room, board, and fees for four years of undergraduate study – a value exceeding $300,000.
The scholarship goes beyond basic financial coverage by providing:
- $10,000 enrichment fund for research projects
- Study abroad opportunities
- Internship support
- Conference attendance funding
Stamps Scholars at UChicago receive direct mentorship from distinguished faculty members, including Nobel laureates and pioneering researchers. You’ll work alongside these experts in your chosen field, gaining invaluable research experience and professional connections.
The selection process targets students who demonstrate:
- Academic Excellence: Typically top 1% of their class
- Research Potential: Previous experience in academic projects
- Leadership Skills: Track record of initiating positive change
- Innovation Mindset: Creative problem-solving abilities
The program accepts 5-7 scholars annually, creating an intimate cohort experience. You’ll join a network of high-achieving peers who collaborate on interdisciplinary projects and attend exclusive seminars with visiting scholars.
The Stamps Scholarship at UChicago emphasizes intellectual curiosity and academic exploration. Scholars often pursue multiple majors or specialized research paths, supported by the program’s flexible funding structure and mentorship network.
5. Virginia Tech – Comprehensive Scholarship Coverage
Virginia Tech stands out with its Presidential Scholarship Initiative (PSI), a program designed to eliminate financial barriers for high-achieving students. This merit-based scholarship covers:
- Full tuition and fees
- Room and board expenses
- Books and supplies allowance
- Annual stipend for research or internships
- Study abroad opportunities
The Stamps Leadership Scholarship at Virginia Tech offers additional benefits beyond standard coverage:
- Four-year renewable award
- $10,000 enrichment fund
- Exclusive mentorship opportunities
- Leadership development programs
- Priority course registration
Virginia Tech’s commitment extends to specialized merit scholarships:
- Clark Scholars Program: Combines engineering education with business fundamentals
- Beyond Boundaries Scholars Program: Matches donor contributions to double impact
- Calhoun Discovery Program: Integrates technology, innovation, and liberal arts
- Honors College Scholarships: Additional funding for exceptional academic achievement
To qualify for these prestigious awards, you need:
- Minimum 3.8 unweighted GPA
- Strong standardized test scores
- Demonstrated leadership experience
- Significant community involvement
- Compelling essays and recommendations
The university’s scholarship programs reflect its dedication to fostering academic excellence while making higher education accessible. Each year, Virginia Tech invests millions in merit-based aid, supporting approximately 400 students through full-ride equivalent packages.
Additional Institutions Known for Generous Merit Scholarships
Several prestigious institutions stand out for their exceptional merit-based scholarship programs, offering substantial financial support to high-achieving students.
1. University of Southern California – USC Merit Scholarships
USC’s merit scholarship programs rank among the most competitive and comprehensive in the nation. The university awards several distinguished scholarships:
- Trustee Scholarship: A full-tuition award valued at over $60,000 per year
- Presidential Scholarship: A half-tuition award recognizing academic excellence
- Dean’s Scholarship: A quarter-tuition award for outstanding achievement
USC’s merit scholarships extend beyond financial support. Recipients gain access to:
- Priority course registration
- Research opportunities with leading faculty
- Exclusive networking events
- Dedicated academic advisors
- Special housing options
The USC Stamps Scholars Program stands as the university’s most prestigious merit award. This full-ride scholarship includes:
- Complete tuition coverage
- Room and board
- Books and supplies
- $20,000 enrichment fund for research, internships, or study abroad
- Leadership development programs
- Mentorship opportunities
USC’s scholarship selection process evaluates:
- Academic achievement (unweighted GPA and test scores)
- Leadership potential
- Creative talent
- Community involvement
- Unique perspectives and experiences
The application deadline typically aligns with USC’s December 1st merit scholarship consideration deadline. Students must submit their Common Application and additional scholarship materials by this date for full consideration.
USC’s commitment to merit-based aid reflects in their annual investment of over $380 million in academic scholarships. The university awards these scholarships to both domestic and international students, making it an attractive option for high-achieving students worldwide.
2. University of Michigan – Michigan Merit Aid
The University of Michigan stands out as a top choice for merit-based financial aid opportunities. U-M’s commitment to academic excellence reflects in its substantial scholarship offerings, making it a prime destination for high-achieving students.
Key Merit Scholarships at Michigan:
- HAIL Scholarship – A full-tuition award for high-achieving, low-income Michigan residents
- LSA Regents Merit Scholarship – A prestigious award recognizing exceptional academic achievement
- Jean Fairfax Scholarship – Supports students from underrepresented backgrounds with demonstrated leadership potential
Michigan’s merit aid packages extend beyond traditional academic metrics. The university considers:
- Leadership roles in extracurricular activities
- Community service involvement
- Research experience
- Artistic or athletic achievements
The application process for Michigan merit scholarships requires:
- Early submission of your undergraduate application
- Strong academic record (typically 3.9+ GPA)
- Competitive standardized test scores
- Demonstrated excellence in chosen field
U-M’s merit aid programs often include additional benefits:
- Research funding opportunities
- Study abroad grants
- Professional development resources
- Mentorship from faculty members
The university’s commitment to supporting talented students makes it a compelling choice for those seeking substantial merit-based financial assistance. Michigan’s generous aid packages help attract diverse, accomplished students from across the globe.
3. Clemson University – Clemson Scholarships
Clemson University stands out among schools that give merit scholarships with its robust financial aid offerings. The National Scholars Program at Clemson represents the institution’s premier scholarship opportunity, providing exceptional students with:
- Full tuition and fees coverage
- Room and board
- Summer study abroad experiences
- Research stipends
- Specialized mentoring programs
The university’s commitment to academic excellence extends beyond the National Scholars Program through additional merit-based opportunities:
Palmetto Fellows Scholarship
- Up to $10,000 per year
- Renewable based on academic performance
- Combined with other institutional awards
Clemson Academic Recruitment (CARE) Program
- Awards ranging from $5,000 to full tuition
- Focus on diverse student populations
- Leadership development opportunities
You’ll find Clemson’s scholarship application process streamlined – a single application puts you in consideration for multiple awards. The university evaluates candidates based on:
- Academic achievements
- Leadership potential
- Community involvement
- Creative endeavors
- Research interests
The scholarship programs at Clemson create pathways for talented students to access world-class education while developing their potential through enrichment activities and professional development opportunities.
Specialized Programs Supporting Diverse Applicants
Many institutions recognize the importance of creating opportunities for students from diverse backgrounds. These programs specifically target first-generation college students and those from underrepresented communities, providing comprehensive support beyond financial assistance.
University of Texas at Austin – Forty Acres Scholars Program
The Forty Acres Scholars Program stands as UT Austin’s premier full-ride merit scholarship, designed to nurture exceptional students from varied backgrounds. This program delivers:
- Full tuition coverage
- Housing and living expenses
- Books and educational materials
- Personal development funding
- Study abroad opportunities
- Mentorship connections
The program places special emphasis on supporting first-generation college students through:
Academic Support
- Dedicated academic advisors
- Priority course registration
- Access to honors programming
- Research opportunities with faculty
Personal Development
- Leadership training workshops
- Professional networking events
- Cultural enrichment activities
- Community service projects
Career Preparation
- Internship placement assistance
- Resume building workshops
- Interview preparation
- Industry connections
Students from underrepresented backgrounds receive additional support through:
- Peer mentoring programs
- Cultural affinity groups
- Specialized academic resources
- Community building events
The selection process considers various factors beyond academic achievement:
- Leadership potential
- Community involvement
- Personal circumstances
- Unique perspectives
- Demonstrated resilience
The program creates a supportive ecosystem where students can thrive academically while developing leadership skills and professional networks. Each cohort represents diverse backgrounds, experiences, and academic interests, fostering an enriching learning environment for all participants.
2. Ohio State University – Eminence Fellows Scholarship
Ohio State University’s Eminence Fellows Scholarship is a program designed for exceptional students who need financial support. This program offers:
- Full tuition and fees coverage
- Accommodation and meal expenses covered
- Funding for books and supplies
- An enrichment grant of $3,000
- Priority selection for housing
- Research opportunities with faculty mentors
The program specifically targets high-achieving students from diverse backgrounds, including first-generation college students and those from underrepresented backgrounds. Recipients become part of a close-knit community of scholars who participate in:
- Specialized honors courses
- Workshops for leadership development
- Projects that involve community service
- Opportunities to study abroad
- Events for professional networking
To be eligible, applicants must meet the following criteria:
- Minimum 3.9 unweighted GPA
- Strong scores on standardized tests
- Demonstrated experience in leadership roles
- Active involvement in community activities
The selection process involves a thorough assessment of academic accomplishments, extracurricular involvement, and personal essays. Successful candidates demonstrate their potential to make valuable contributions to Ohio State’s academic community and beyond.
The enrichment grant provides scholars with the opportunity to pursue unique educational experiences such as international research projects or professional conferences. This funding enables students to create their own academic path while maintaining a focus on excellence in their studies and engagement with the community.
3. University of Alabama – Academic Elite Scholarship
The University of Alabama’s Academic Elite Scholarship is a great opportunity for exceptional students. This prestigious award covers:
- Full tuition for four years
- Room and board expenses
- Book allowance
- One-time technology stipend
- Research funding opportunities
The scholarship program focuses on supporting first-generation college students and those from underrepresented backgrounds. Recipients benefit from personalized mentorship programs and exclusive networking events with industry leaders.
Eligibility requirements include:
- Minimum 32 ACT score or 1420 SAT score
- 3.8+ unweighted GPA
- Demonstrated leadership experience
- Strong commitment to community service
The Academic Elite Scholarship goes beyond financial support by creating a close-knit community of scholars. Students participate in specialized honors courses and gain access to priority registration for classes. The program also provides:
- Summer research grants
- Study abroad funding
- Professional development workshops
- Leadership training opportunities
The selection process involves a competitive application review, followed by on-campus interviews. Successful candidates typically demonstrate exceptional academic achievements paired with significant extracurricular involvement and leadership potential.
Tips for Applying to Merit Scholarships
Maximize your chances of securing merit scholarships with these proven strategies:
- Start Early: Begin your scholarship search at least 12 months before college starts
- Create a Strong Academic Profile: Maintain a competitive GPA and take challenging courses
- Craft Compelling Essays: Share personal stories that demonstrate your unique qualities and achievements
- Build a Diverse Portfolio: Engage in leadership roles and community service activities
- Meet All Deadlines: Submit applications well before due dates to avoid technical issues
Application Checklist:
- Request recommendation letters from teachers who know you well
- Prepare a detailed resume highlighting achievements
- Practice interview skills with mock sessions
- Gather all required documents in advance
- Double-check eligibility requirements
Pro Tip: Apply to multiple scholarship programs at your target schools. Many institutions allow you to be considered for several awards with a single application.
Remember to customize each application to align with the specific scholarship’s values and mission. Your authentic voice and genuine passion will help you stand out in the competitive applicant pool.
FAQs (Frequently Asked Questions)
What are full-ride scholarships?
Full-ride scholarships cover all college expenses, including tuition, room and board, and sometimes additional fees. They differ from other financial aid types as they provide comprehensive support for students, often based on merit or financial need.
How can I improve my chances of getting a full-ride scholarship?
To enhance your chances, maintain a competitive GPA, excel in standardized tests, engage in extracurricular activities that showcase leadership and community service, and secure strong letters of recommendation. Additionally, prepare thoroughly for any scholarship interviews.
What role do extracurricular activities play in scholarship applications?
Extracurricular activities are crucial as they demonstrate your interests, leadership skills, and commitment to the community. Involvement in meaningful activities can make your application stand out and highlight your unique contributions.
Which colleges are known for offering full-ride scholarships?
Top colleges known for generous full-ride scholarships include Duke University with its Robertson Scholars Leadership Program, the University of North Carolina with the Morehead-Cain Scholarship, Vanderbilt University with the Ingram Scholarship Program, and the University of Chicago with the Stamps Scholarship.
What should I include in my scholarship application?
Your scholarship application should include your academic achievements (GPA and test scores), a compelling personal statement or essay, details about your extracurricular involvement, letters of recommendation from teachers or mentors, and any relevant awards or honors.
Are there specific eligibility requirements for full-ride scholarships?
Eligibility requirements vary by institution but typically include maintaining a certain GPA, achieving specific test scores, demonstrating leadership through extracurricular activities, and sometimes meeting financial need criteria. Be sure to check each college’s specific guidelines.